The tenor tuba, also called euphonium, is pitched one octave above the contrabass tuba, B flat. B flat valve tubas are sometimes specifically called tenor tuba. Although tremendously rare, there are also BBB-flat subcontrabass tubas. There are four known of this type and the first two were made by Gustav Benson with the idea from John Philip Sousa. Bugles in the 19th century Modifications on the standard bugle in the 19th century included valved bugles and keyed bugles. It was in England in the early 1800 s that the keyed bugles were invented with the copyright for the Royal Kent bugle by Joseph Halliday. It was very popular until the 1850 s and was played in compositions by a bandmaster of West Point s the United States Military Academy Band, Richard Willis. As time has passed, many keyboard and buttonboard systems were developed. Now, accordions have the ability to switch with ease between two voices and are constructed in various methods to increase durability and stability. Construction The accordion has three universal components body, pallet, and bellows and many other parts that are variable. Bass Guitar The bass guitar, sometimes called bass or electric bass, is a stringed instrument which has a design similar to the guitar. The difference is that it has a longer scale and it is tuned in a deeper pitch. It is primarily played with the fingers or with a plectrum or pick. It also has the same construction and appearance as an electric guitar but it has a longer neck, a larger body, and a longer scale length. That can be seen through the reed that covers the edge of the resonating tube and through the cylindrical bore. The reed vibrates as the player blows which causes a wave through the bore. The length of the pipe is not the only factor that affects pitch because the breath pressure does too. This requires crumhorns to be at a fixed dynamic level when played and shortening notes implies crumhorn dynamics. One advantage of the clavichord over the piano is that it can perform a sound like the vibrato on string instruments. The player can move the key up and down which causes the tangent to also push up and down on the string. This makes the string tighter or looser. This instrument is very mellow and quiet.