The League of American Orchestras state that this makes the oboe s pitch secure and the piercing sound makes it suitable for tuning. The construction of the reed greatly affects the pitch of the oboe through the differences in its material, variations in length and scrape, and age of reed. Other than the reed, humidity and temperature will also have effects on the pitch. On the other hand, the E flat tuba produces sound that is an octave higher than the contrabass tubas and is the customary orchestral tuba in the United Kingdom. The tenor tuba, also called euphonium, is pitched one octave above the contrabass tuba, B flat. B flat valve tubas are sometimes specifically called tenor tuba. At the top is a circular hole with a diameter of 3.25 inches to 3.5 inches which strengthens and reinforces the produced sound. Sound production Generally, guitars produce sound through the strings vibration. The increase of volume is done by the sound box consisting of a resonant cavity and a soundboard. But there is a newly discovered instrument that seems to have been invented by Friedrich Lohner in Bavaria, Germany in 1816. It was first patented by Cyrill Demian in 1829. This accordion only had a keyboard operated by the left hand and the right hand only handles the bellows. The piano accordion which is widely used in Europe is said to be invented in 1822. Gently tap the harmonica every after playing to remove excess saliva and keep it in a box or case when not in use to avoid accumulation of dirt. Lastly, never share your harmonica with other people. Choosing your harmonica When choosing your harmonica, you should keep these in mind. Wood harmonicas may cost less and have a warmer sound but these are sensitive to moisture while metal harmonicas have higher integrity but are expensive and have more probability of corrosion. Parts of the bagpipe Bagpipes regularly consist of four parts a bag, a drone, an air supply, and a chanter. The supply of air comes from blowing into a blowstick or blowpipe. Blowpipes today usually have a non-return valve so that the player does not need to cover the edge of the blowpipe with his or her tongue when inhaling.