In reality, this does not mean the greatest benefit for the cost, but the greatest measurable benefit for the measurable cost. Normally, productivity and efficiency consider the way people work. Things like initiative, flexibility, cooperation, and adaptability are not included in the measures of input. Knowing the remaining or estimated time to job completion will enable operators to determine when to start internal set-up procedures. These are processes that can be handled during operation or runtime, and is considered one very effective tool of minimizing changeover time. The production display should include the number of pieces to go, or an estimated time of completion based on the current run speed. Once you set your goal, you would find that you are smooth-sailing to doing endeavors and efforts that would clearly and obviously lead to attainment of such a target. Thus, Covey's second principle is a necessity on a personal and management level. It is useful on a personal basis if you would use the principle to improve your performance and boost productivity. The swings in the quantity of labor affect the productivity fluctuations. Per capita income growth Economic textbooks declare that productivity growth and real wages growth are equal. By this assertion, it would seem that productivity growth is equal to the growth of real per capita income. In real terms, this is not exactly correct. Most valuable resource Most productivity researchers have agreed that the world s most valuable resources are people. It had been suggested that education and training are responsible for raising the levels of productivity of people. Researchers further suggested that attaining expertise via education and training can be maximized by developing people who want to learn, work at their potential, and continuously improve. By starting small, you will be able to accomplish easier tasks and you can move on to bigger challenges ahead knowing that you have gone though the entire process. - Stay in good company. To attain continuous productivity, it is very important for one to veer away from people who have negative vibes.